![]() It is the Holy See that is the sovereign entity by international law headquartered in the distinctively independent Vatican City State, a city-state which forms a geographical enclave within the connurbation of Rome, established by the Lateran Treaty in 1929 between Italy and the Holy See to ensure its temporal and spiritual independence. While his office is called the papacy, the jurisdiction of the episcopal see is called the Holy See. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013. From a Catholic viewpoint, the primacy of the bishop of Rome is largely derived from his role as the apostolic successor to Saint Peter, to whom primacy was conferred by Jesus, who gave Peter the Keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the Church would be built. The pope ( Latin: papa, from Greek: πάππας, romanized: pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( Pontifex maximus or Summus Pontifex), Roman pontiff ( Romanus Pontifex) or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome, head of the worldwide Catholic Church, and head of state or sovereign of the Vatican City State.
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